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The on-off cycle is a common and challenging phenomenon for individuals living with Parkinson’s disease (PD). These fluctuations in motor and non-motor symptoms significantly impact the quality of life for …
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Understanding Comorbidities in Parkinson’s Disease
Just as individuals in the general population often contend with various medical conditions, people with Parkinson’s disease (PD) may also experience unrelated health challenges. These are …
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Inflammation has drawn increasing attention as a major contributor to a range of neuropsychiatric disorders, including depression, anxiety, insomnia, autism spectrum disorders, dementia, and stroke. This long-form literature review explores …
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Inflammation has emerged as a key factor in Parkinson’s disease pathology, with growing evidence linking immune response pathways, microglia activation, and proinflammatory mediators to neurodegeneration. This literature review examines recent …